Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research (ISSN : 0975-7384)

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Original Articles: 2016 Vol: 8 Issue: 3

Variation in gymnemic acid content in Gymnema germplasm from different geographical regions of Gujarat

Abstract

Gymnema sylvestre an antidiabetic plant, is a large tropical liana, native to central, southern and western India and is also found growing in Africa and Australia. It possesses antimicrobial, antihypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective and sweet suppressing activities. Gymnema leaf contains more than 20 saponin glycosides. The major saponin fraction comprises of gymnemic acid which is a complex mixture of at least nine closely related acidic glycosides. The herb’s bioactive ingredient, gymnemic acid, extracted from leaves and roots, helps to lower and balance blood sugar levels. Gymnemic acid is estimated through estimating the content of gymnemagenin. In order to identify the accession with the highest gymnemic acid content, eight different Gymnema sylvestre clones viz; GS1, GS2, GS3, GS4, GS5, GS6, GS7 and GS8 were collected from medicinal garden of Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar; Indrora Park, Gandhinagar; Botanical garden, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad and Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research, Anand. Gymnemic acid was extracted from leaves and estimated through HPLC technique. The bioactive agent, gymnemic acid content (4.14 %) is found to be highest in Gymnema sylvestreGS2 clone. All the clones studied exhibited the habit of woody climbers. However, they showed variation in morphological character and bioactive agent content.