The collision problem between ship and bridge is a complex multidisciplinary problem. This paper states the frequently-used engineering calculation methods of the ship-bridge collision problem. After analyzing the load characteristic when the pier was impacted by the ship, the author summarizes three kinds of impact load model: triangle load model, half-wave sinusoidal load model, poly-lines load model and then gets the corresponding equations. In order to obtain the impact load characteristic value, the author builds the finite element model with various tonnage ships and bearing stations in different scales in deep water firstly. By using the impact numerical simulation method, this paper cannot only calculate the ship collision equivalent static loads, but also study the relationships between ship collision force, ship mass, tonnage and collision speed. The author can finally get the impacting force calculation formula of the ship impacts the rigid walls. Meanwhile, considering the differences between ship impacts the rigid walls and cushion cap, there is a further analysis of the effect that the cushion cap scale, shape and impact angle put on the maximum impact force and the average impact force.