Swimming is a sport that lays equal stress on endurance and technique, sound technique is guarantee of scientific exertion that makes contribution to swimming technique rationality and improvement direction. Utilize factor analysis method and integer programming model method; make application of mathematical model into competitive swimming. In research process, it respectively from athlete perspective adopts factor analysis method providing swimming strategy for athlete, from coach perspective utilize integer programming finding out optimal athletes assignment scheme and competition best total score; Make improvement based on precedence algorithm, apply sensitivity analysis, on the condition that optimal solution not changing, get athletes assignment performance intervals. Through this paper’s research methods, analysis routes and research results, it provides reasonable suggestions and theoretical basis for swimming technique.