Since the discovery of the first ABO blood group, over 33 blood group systems have been identified. The study of this system for transfusion requirements demonstrates the existence of the variations among human populations. To better meet these needs, this study looked at the distribution of phenotypic and allelic frequencies of ABO and Rh Rhesus in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, the results show a frequency of 50,97% of the phenotype O. This phenotype is dominant in all districts from Côte d'Ivoire. It is followed by the B phenotype at a frequency of 23,18%, then the phenotype A to 21,73%, and finally the AB phenotype to 4,12%. Also the frequencies of phenotypes A and B are substantially equal in almost all districts except in the districts of the savannah and Bandaman Valley. All phenotypic frequencies are much higher than those phenotypes of Group AB. Statistical analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the phenotype A, B, AB and O (χ²cal = 38,143; DDL = 3, p <0,0001). This study thus indicates that the genotypic polymorphism ABO and RH (D) in the Ivorian population is similar to that of the black populations of Africa and America. Also, it allows us to establish a gradient distribution of ABO blood group and Rh by district. This is to raise awareness of the Ivorian people donated blood.