Present study deals with the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of CaesalpiniasappanL. Antimicrobial activity of C. sappanwas analyzed by using Well Diffusion (WD) and Disc Diffusion (DD) methods. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed using crude extract of C. sappanprepared by using various solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether against various microorganism such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia. Phytochemical analyses were carried out for most potent methanol, ethanol and acetone extract of C. sappanusing standard assays. Out of the various selected extracts, methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts showed effective antimicrobial activity against the bacteria. Petroleum ether extract of the plant showed no significant zone of inhibition against the bacteria. The phytochemical analysis of C. sappan showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponin, protein, oxalic acid, carbonate, oil and fat which also exhibited the presence of antimicrobial activity. These results were confirmed using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).