The virus causing Chikungunya disease was identifie d over 60 years ago. Research interest in the disease increased after an important epidemiolo gical outbreak occurred in 2005 on the French metropolitan island of La Reunion located in the south-eastern part of the Indian Ocean. In 2007, a smaller outbreak of Chikungunya develope d in the north-eastern part of Italy made possible by immigration of a viremic patient from t he Indian Ocean area and the enormous population of Aedes albopictus in Italy. Currently , Chikungunya is spreading in Southeast Asian aspects, clinical pictures, diagnosis and treatment of the disease caused by Chikungunya virus.