Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research (ISSN : 0975-7384)

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Reviews: 2009 Vol: 1 Issue: 1

Recent trends of drug used treatment of tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs. But, TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The bacteria are put into the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs or sneezes. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected. However, not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. People who are not sick have what is called latent TB infection. Even better, people with latent TB infection can take medicine so that they will not develop active TB disease. Isoniazid and rifampin are the keystones of treatment, but because of increasing resistance to them, pyrazinamide and either streptomycin sulfate or ethambutol HCL is added to regimens. If the patient is unable to take pyrazinamide, a nine-month regimen of isoniazid and rifampin is recommended. Even if susceptibility testing reveals that the patient is infected with an isoniazid-resistant strain, the isoniazid component is continued because some organisms may yet be sensitive. In addition, two drugs to which the organisms are likely to be sensitive also are incorporated into the regimen. The beginning phase of treatment is crucial for preventing the emergence of drug resistance and ensuring a good outcome. Six months is the minimum acceptable duration of treatment for all adults and children with culture-positive TB. Drug resistance may be either primary or acquired. Primary resistance occurs in patients who have had no previous antimycobacterial treatment. Tuberculosis is a highly infectious life-threatening bacterial disease with 8 million new cases and 3 million deaths reported worldwide each year to the World Health Organization.