Phytochemical investigations of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel (BE) afforded the presence of 9 natural flavonol compounds which were isolated and identified as:- isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside (1), 3- robinobioside (2), 3-O-glucoside (3), 3-O-galactoside (4), 3,7-diglucoside (5), quercetin 3-glucoside (6), 3- rutinoside (7) beside two aglycones quercetin (8) and isorhamnetin (9). Elucidation of their chemical structures was determined by different spectroscopic methods in addition to the chemical and physical methods of analysis. This extract was assessed for its biological activity on alloxan diabetic rats. Oral administration of (BE) at a dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt showed significant antihyperglycemic and antilipid peroxidative effects as well as increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and levels of non enzymatic antioxidants. We also noticed that the antihyperglycemic effect of plant drug (BE) was comparable to that of the reference drug glibenclamide