Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is used as a spice and as a medicinal plant. It is especially known for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. Many other pharmacological properties are recognized to this plant. This study focuses on the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of essential oil of a sample of ginger collected from Meiganga / Adamaoua region. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation using the conventional method. Its fractionation by the method of Flash chromatography with pentane/petroleum ether gradient allowed separation of the hydrocarbon fraction of the oxygenated fraction. The essential oil was then tested on Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Entercoccus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Candida lusitaniae, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus strains for its biological activities. Twenty monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds were identified in the crude essential oil in the analysis by GC-FID method. Six major components corresponding to camphene, linalool, citronelal, geranial, α-terpineol and neral showed intense peaks.