To investigate the protective effect of Panax Ginseng against lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) induced brain injury in rat model . Rats were divided into four groups including control, ginseng, LPS and treated groups. Brain acetylecholinesterase , nitric oxide and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) were measured . Homocysteine was estimated by HPLC. Also, cyclooxygenases were determined by Immunohistochemistry in addition to histopathological investigations. Our results showed an elevation of both brain nitric oxide and serum homocysteine concomitant with a reduction of BDNF level, whereas Panax Ginseng significantly attenuated these data in treated group compared to LPS group. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry results confirmed these results. The important role of ginseng in attenuating brain injury may be related to the collection of gensenosides that give ginseng a unique neuroprotective effect. Ginseng represents a promising neuroprotective therapy due to its antiinflammatory properties