Dementia or cognitive problems are commonly seen in a large population. The factors such as emotions, stress and age are responsible for memory loss. In traditional system of Ayurvedic medicine, numerous herbs possessing saponins, have been used to treat cognitive disorder. Vigna aconitifolia (Fabaceae) is the rich source of saponins. Two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg., p.o.) of n-butanolic fraction Vigna aconitifolia extract (BVA) were administered for 7 successive days in separate group of animals. Furthermore, on the 7th day scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg., i.p.) administered to as cognitive deficit. The series of established neuropharmacological tests including elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were studied on 7th and 8th day. Baclofen induced hypothermia and measurement of acetylcholinestrase (AChE) activity were also carried out. BVA significantly improved learning and memory both in absence and presence of cognitive deficit. Also reversed the baclofen induced hypothermia. The mechanism by which BVA exerts nootropic activity was decreased AChE activity i.e. inhibition of AChE enzyme and inhibition of GABAB receptor. With the above data, we conclude that Vigna aconitifolia extract shows potent nootropic activity both in absence and presence of cognitive deficit.