Introduction: Lipid peroxidation is one of the most commonly reported index for the oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species mediated oxidation of membrane lipids results in the formation of lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde. Several authors reported that the Malondialdehyde (MDA) has been found higher in various diseases related to free radical damage, and it has been widely used as an index of lipoperoxidation in biological and medical sciences.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 23 comatose patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ibn Sina University Hospital and Hospital of specialties in Rabat-Morocco. Blood sampling was collected from TBI patients, in the first week (3 h after admission and each 48 h during one week). Concentration of MDA in plasma was quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical software (SPSS) and the cases were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The difference of plasmatic MDA concentration between men and women were not revealed a statistical significance. Similar concentration of MDA in patients according to the survival and the unsurvival status showed (not presented a statistical significance (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The MDA may not play an important role in the patients’ death from severe traumatic brain injury during the first week of hospitalization.