Taking the analysis of the filling working procedure on high-speed rotary tablet press as starting point, various influencing factors on tablet weight were analyzed and mathematical formula for tablet weight was derived. Mutual mathematical relation between the tablet weight and the influencing factors were investigated and the main factors which determine tablet weight were found .A conception of compensation equivalent of the depth of middle die hole was proposed. The compensation equivalent of various errors was found out for every individually occurred error. The mathematical formula of the error of middle-die hole depth was found out for alternately occurred errors. The property of various errors was analyzed. By using the mathematical formula of tablet weight and depth error of middle-die hole, a mathematical model for controlling high-speed rotary tablet press was established on the basis of error adjustment of tablet weight. The tablet weight control system designed from this control model was installed on a forty-stroke high-speed rotary tablet press GCP. It was shown by sampling detection at the deviation of tablet weight was higher than that required by National Pharmaceutical Production Administration Norms. The mathematical model for control over error adjustment of tablet weight could provide a reasonable basis for designing the tablet weight control system of high-speed rotary tablet press.