Rose bengal degradation was investigated under a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system. This heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is very suitable than homogeneous because the catalyst can be reused and avoid the possible pollution caused by the metal ions in the solution. Hydroxyl- Iron-pillared-bentonite was developed as a noble catalyst through exchange reaction, by pillaring on the natural clay support. Effect of various parameters like solution pH, H2O2 amount, dye concentration, amount of pillared clay (catalyst) was observed on the efficiency of the reaction. A tentative mechanism has also been proposed for this photocatalytic degradation of rose bengal.