Rhododendron arboreum Sm.ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg is an endemic plant of Southern Western Ghats of India. In this study, the bioactive components were determined from acetone leaves extract of R. arboreum Sm.ssp. nilagiricum by GC-MS analysis. A total of 25 compounds were identified from 7 peaks according to their chromoatographic retention indices and mass spectra. The presence of these bioactive compounds has potent medicinal effects for the treatment of various ailments.