Benzodiazepines are drugs that are widely used in the treatment of certain emotional disorders. They are the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications in the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. They are effective, tolerated and have few side effects. However, they can lead to addiction and dependence, an alteration of the state of consciousness with behavioural and memory disorder. The aim of this work is to evaluate the relation between the duration of treatment with benzodiazepines and cognitive status in rats. The present study examines the impact of diazepam at a dose of 1 mg/kg on cognition in Wistar rats in period of 3 months using the object recognition test, while the results showed a significant decrease in the percentage recognition of the new object for the treated group during the 12-week period compared to the control group. We conclude that chronic treatment with benzodiazepines is one of the leading causes of cognitive decline. Further study will be conducted in the same direction to determine the mechanism that induces this undesirable effect.