In Homoeopathic formulations the Bryonia alba (B. alba) Linn. (Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as “White Bryony”, is considered as antirheumatic, antiphlogistic and anti-anxiety. An attempt has been made to highlight the pharmacognostic studies and to screen the phytoconstituents of this useful medicinal plant in Indian and European varieties both. Detailed microscopy of B. alba root has been worked up along with the determination of various physicochemical parameters viz. moisture content, ethanol and water soluble extractives and total, water soluble and acid insoluble ash values. Further, qualitative TLC fingerprint profiles of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts of B. alba roots were also developed to facilitate proper identification of the plant material. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in the chloroform and ethanol extracts against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity.