There are many reports on the study of microencapsulated bifidobacteria, a variety of embedding materials using to embed probiotics have been applied in those reports. This study investigated that Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 was immobilized with xanthan⁄chitosan gel using extrusion method, and the viable counts and encapsulation yield (EY) of B. bifidum BB01 encapsulated in different chitosan solution pH (5, 5.3, 5.6 and 5.9) ,in different chitosan concentration (0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0% and 1.3%), in different xanthan concentration (0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% and 1.1%), in different cell suspension-xanthan ratios (1:3, 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9), in different mixed bacteria glue liquid-chitosan ratios (1:3,1:4,1:5 and 1:6), have been reported. It was studied by single factor experiment method, the results showed that this several factors impacted the viable counts and encapsulation yield (EY) of B. bifidum BB01 significantly, and the optimum chitosan solution pH for B. bifidum BB01 was 5; the optimum chitosan concentration was 1.3%; the optimum xanthan concentration was 0.5%; the optimum cell suspension-xanthan ratio was 1:3; the optimum mixed bacteria glue liquid-chitosan ratio was 1:6.