Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research (ISSN : 0975-7384)

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Original Articles: 2015 Vol: 7 Issue: 8

Antibiogram of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare settings

Abstract

MRSA is, by definition, any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics which include the penicillins (methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, etc.) and the cephalosporins. MRSA is capable of resisting Beta-Lactamase resistant Antibiotics via the mecA gene. This is a gene that encodes Penicillinbinding- protein 2a (PBP2a). β-lactam antibiotics have a low affinity for PBP2a, therefore cell wall synthesis is able to proceed in their presence. This study has been designed to look for the presence of MRSA and their correlation with drug resistance. In addition, MRSA producing organisms exhibit coresistance to many other classes of antibiotics resulting in limitation of therapeutic option. We bacteriologically analyzed 30 samples susceptible for MRSA. The samples were cultured using selective media and identification, susceptibility tests MRSA producing strains were made with microbiological methods. Susceptibility testing of MRSA isolates was done for various beta lactam, cephalosporins and methicillin antibiotics. MRSA was detected in 40% (12 out of 30 isolates). Among the samples under study conduct 17% were HA-MRSA and 83% were CA-MRSA. Among the MRSA isolates 67% were hemolytic and 33% were non-hemolytic. MRSA producing strains not only showed high-level resistance to beta lactam antimicrobial agents like Ampicillin (82.35%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (70.58%), Co-trimoxazole (58.82), Cefixime (52.94), Doxycycline/ Pefloxacin (41.17%), Ofloxacin (35.29%) Norfloxacin (29.41%), Cefuroxime/ Cephadroxil/ Amoxiclave/ Cefazolin/ Cephalexin/ Amikacin/ Netilmicin (17.64%). MRSA are often multidrug-resistant. Currently, the majority of S. aureus strains in communities are beta-lactamase producers, hence resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. Incidence of these organisms is being continuously increasing through out the world with limited treatment alternatives. Therefore, regular surveillance of hospital-associated infections including antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA and formulation of a definite antibiotic policy may be helpful in reducing the burden of MRSA infections in the hospital.