This article provides a viable method to measure the barriers in Air Transport Services Trade and the economic effects of the liberalization, which is an initial attempt in China Air Transport Services Research. Through the research, this paper concludes that opening transport services not only makes a great contribution to the services trade, but also plays a significant role in promoting goods trade and economic growth. Opening transport services could reduce the cost of transport services, and it could have the same effect as reducing the protective tariff. One effect of reducing the cost is the increase of goods trade volume. Another conclusion of this paper is about the economic tie between the cost of transport services and economic growth, that is, if the transport costs double, the annual economic growth rate would be halved.