Hypoxia was identified as a micro environmental component of solid tumours over 60 years ago and was immediately recognized as a potential barrier to therapy through the reliance of radiotherapy on oxygen to elicit maximal cytotoxicity. Over the last two decades both clinical and experimental studies have markedly enhanced our understanding of how hypoxia influences cellular behavior and therapy response. Furthermore, they have confirmed early assumptions that low oxygenation status in tumours is an exploitable target in cancer therapy. Generally such approaches will be more beneficial to patients with hypoxic tumours, necessitating the use of biomarkers that reflect oxygenation status. Tissue biomarkers have shown utility in many studies. Further significant advances have been made in the non-invasive measurement of tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging modalities. In this project, we describe the methods of diagnosis and measuring tumour hypoxia. So this project has been focused to:

(a) Diagnose the oxyhemoglobin content of normal blood and cancerous blood by uv-visible spectroscopic technique

(b) Estimate the amount of iron content in cancerous blood patients by Atomic absorption spectroscopy

(c) Diagnosis of the kidney of cancer patients using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studying the level of hypoxia.

Having enumerated the plan of presentation, before going into the details of the above said subdivisions it is of most importance to understand about the components of blood and there.