Taking fruit expanding period and oil synthetic peak period of Oiltea camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seeds as materials to build transcriptome and expression profile database, it is indicated that there are totally 104 non-redundant gene sequences involved in fatty acid biosynthesis of Oiltea camellia and 14 main enzyme genes involved after a comprehensive analysis on transcriptome and expression profile database. Taking KEGG database as a reference, we analyzed the biosynthetic routes of fatty acid of Oiltea camellia and drawn its route graph, which revealed the regulation of key enzyme genes and the basic catalytic rule of fatty acid biosynthesis in Oiltea camellia, providing certain scientific basis for oil content increasing and fatty acid components by ways of genetic engineering.