To control the combined pollutions of Heavy Metal Ions and PAHs, a novel rectorite-based adsorbent, composite of rectorite/sodium polyacrylate/humic acid, was prepared. The adsorption of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and PAHs (phenanthrene, pyrene) on the adsorbent was investigated. The results revealed that sodium polyacrylate is incorporated into the interlayer of rectorite by intercalation mode and linked with each other by hydrogen bond, resulting in increase of rectorite’s interlayer spacing from 2.69 to 6.79 nm, to form intercalation-type polymer/clay composites. The maximum adsorptive capacity attained is 1666.7, 666.7, 303.0, 454.6, 18.45 and 3.3 mg/g for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively. The adsorption of the heavy metals ions and PAHs on the adsorbent can all be described by Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R models. The PAHs adsorption even more conforms to Henry model. The heavy metals ions are adsorbed by ion exchange or complexation. The adsorption mechanism of the PAHs is due to partition action. No obvious competitive adsorption was found between Pb2+ and phenanthrene in coexistence system of the two. The adsorbent can simultaneously remove heavy metal ions and PAHs, indicating that the adsorbent has a good application prospect in controlling combined pollution of heavy metals and PAHs.