Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research (ISSN : 0975-7384)

Toxicity and phytochemistry test of methanol extract of several plants from papua using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Author(s): Martina Sri Lestari, Toto Himawan, A. Latif Abadi and Rurini Retnowati

Papuan endemic plants such as Evodia suaveolens Scheff (Ruteceae), Piper methysticum G. Forst. (Piperaceae), Xanthosthemon novaguineense Valet. (Myrtaceae) and Macaranga aleuritoides F. Muell. (Euphorbiaceae) are used as medicinal plants. Some research indicates that medicinal plants can be used as a botanical insecticide. The objective of this research was to determine the toxicity of methanol extract and plant phytochemistry content. Toxicity test extracts was assessed using shrimp lethality as an indicator of toxicity. The results showed that the toxicity test using the method BSLT methanol extract of P. methysticum plant obtained LC50 = 99.05 ppm and E. suaveolens LC50 = 131.34 ppm is more toxic than X. novaguineense extract LC50 = 5,372,86 ppm and M. aleuritoides LC50 = 6,710,94 ppm. Phytochemistry components contained in the plant P. methysticum and E. suaveolens are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, whereas plants X. novaguineense and M. aleuritoides contains flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Among the four plant extracts, the most toxic plants are P. methysticum and E. suaveolens and can be used as a botanical insecticide.

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