+44 1625708989Phytoremediation of tannery effluent polluted soils of Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, using Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated Azadirachta indica
Author(s): Selvaraj Thangaswamy, Bangeppagari Manjunatha*, Juan Palo Suarez, Michael Babu, Gopal Ponnuswamy, G. Venkata Subba Reddy and Selvanayagam MariadossA survey was undertaken from three different sites of tannery effluent polluted soils of Dindigul and their colonized arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi in the roots of the plants commonly grown on three sites, site 1, 2 and 3were observed. The root-zone soils of the common plants were collected and observed for the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungal spores. There was 21 AM fungi were isolated from the root-zone soils and Glomusgeosporum was observed as the dominant AM fungi in the tannery effluent polluted soil sites. The percentage of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi colonized in the roots of the 18 angiosperm plants collected from the polluted area also analyzed. The tannery effluents were collected from the three different sites, and were analyzed for their physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal composition. The tannery effluents of the 3 sites were mixed and treated to the experimental plants with half strength tannery effluent, mixed with water. For the selection of a suitable experimental plant, 4 plants grown commonly in the tannery effluent polluted sites such as Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus sp., Tamarindusindica, and Pongamiaglabra were treated half strength tannery effluent and measured for growth parameters. Among the 4 plants, Azadirachtaindica was selected as the experimental plant, as it showed the best performance in growth parameters. The experimental plant was inoculated with dominant mycorrhizal fungi, G. geosporumfor the effluent treatment. There were 4 treatments given, namely, Control, Effluent, AM fungi, and Effluent + AM fungi. The experimental plants were harvested on 45, 90 day intervals after the inoculation of AM fungi and were analyzed for heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu Pb and Zn. Among the effluent treated plants, the plants inoculated with AM fungi G. geosporum showed a great influence on restriction of heavy metals, especially Cr, from the root to shoot tissues of the experimental plant was recorded. This study helped to find a suitable host plant for phytoremediation of tannery effluent polluted soil and we suggest the native common host plant A. indica inoculated with G. geosporum, a native dominant AM fungi as a good option for phytoremediation of tannery effluent polluted soils in Dindigul, India.
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